Sport: Baseball
Baseball Projectile Impact Velocity: 60 MPH
Severity Index
Impact Location
Impact Location Helmet Only Helmet with 2nd Skull® Improvement
Front 225 126 44%
Front Boss 352 257 27%
Side 101 83 18%
Rear Boss 28 23 20%
Rear 16 14 14%
Linear, projectile and rotational testing conducted at independent third party laboratories adhering to NOCSAE and ASTM standards for new helmets. Helmet testing comparison featured standard unprotected head forms and head forms with 2nd Skull® caps to measure variances in Severity Index, Angular Acceleration and Peak (g) improvement. For non-helmet activities, standard head forms were tested against head forms with 2nd Skull® headbands to measure variances in Force Improvement.
Sport: BMX, CYCLING AND SKATEBOARD
Drop Velocity (m/s): 4.8 +-3%
Peak (g) Improvement
Impact Location
Impact Location Helmet Only Helmet with 2nd Skull® Peak (g) Improvement
Front 201 124 38%
Front Boss 236 111 53%
Linear, projectile and rotational testing conducted at independent third party laboratories adhering to NOCSAE and ASTM standards for new helmets. Helmet testing comparison featured standard unprotected head forms and head forms with 2nd Skull® caps to measure variances in Severity Index, Angular Acceleration and Peak (g) improvement. For non-helmet activities, standard head forms were tested against head forms with 2nd Skull® headbands to measure variances in Force Improvement.
Sport: FOOTBALL
Drop Velocity (ft/s): 17.94 +- 3%
Severity Index
Impact Location
Impact Location Helmet Only Helmet with 2nd Skull® Improvement
Front 656 630 4%
Front Boss 538 504 6%
Side 439 402 8%
Rear 437 370 15%
Rear Boss 454 411 10%
Top 580 465 20%
Linear, projectile and rotational testing conducted at independent third party laboratories adhering to NOCSAE and ASTM standards for new helmets. Helmet testing comparison featured standard unprotected head forms and head forms with 2nd Skull® caps to measure variances in Severity Index, Angular Acceleration and Peak (g) improvement. For non-helmet activities, standard head forms were tested against head forms with 2nd Skull® headbands to measure variances in Force Improvement.
Sport: FOOTBALL
Impact Velocity: 23.3 ft/s / Impact Angle: 20 degrees
Angular Acceleration (Deg/s2)
Impact Location
Impact Location Helmet Only Helmet with 2nd Skull® Improvement
Front 1652 1433 13%
Side 2101 1902 9%
Linear, projectile and rotational testing conducted at independent third party laboratories adhering to NOCSAE and ASTM standards for new helmets. Helmet testing comparison featured standard unprotected head forms and head forms with 2nd Skull® caps to measure variances in Severity Index, Angular Acceleration and Peak (g) improvement. For non-helmet activities, standard head forms were tested against head forms with 2nd Skull® headbands to measure variances in Force Improvement.
Sport: HOCKEY
Drop Velocity (ft/s): 17.94 +- 3%
Severity Index
Impact Location
Impact Location Helmet Only Helmet with 2nd Skull® Improvement
Front 812 573 29%
Side 758 606 20%
Rear 838 623 26%
Top 1342 847 37%
Linear, projectile and rotational testing conducted at independent third party laboratories adhering to NOCSAE and ASTM standards for new helmets. Helmet testing comparison featured standard unprotected head forms and head forms with 2nd Skull® caps to measure variances in Severity Index, Angular Acceleration and Peak (g) improvement. For non-helmet activities, standard head forms were tested against head forms with 2nd Skull® headbands to measure variances in Force Improvement.
Sport: HOCKEY
Impact Velocity: 4.6 m/s
Average Angular Acceleration (rad/s/s)
Impact Location
Impact Location Helmet Only Helmet with 2nd Skull® Improvement
Front 4750 3400 28%
Left Side 3700 3200 14%
Right Side 2330 1860 20%
Back 4190 3120 26%
Linear, projectile and rotational testing conducted at independent third party laboratories adhering to NOCSAE and ASTM standards for new helmets. Helmet testing comparison featured standard unprotected head forms and head forms with 2nd Skull® caps to measure variances in Severity Index, Angular Acceleration and Peak (g) improvement. For non-helmet activities, standard head forms were tested against head forms with 2nd Skull® headbands to measure variances in Force Improvement.
Sport: HOCKEY
Hockey Puck Impact Velocity: 63 +- 3 MPH
Severity Index
Impact Location
Impact Location Helmet Only Helmet with 2nd Skull® Improvement
Side 133 84 37%
Linear, projectile and rotational testing conducted at independent third party laboratories adhering to NOCSAE and ASTM standards for new helmets. Helmet testing comparison featured standard unprotected head forms and head forms with 2nd Skull® caps to measure variances in Severity Index, Angular Acceleration and Peak (g) improvement. For non-helmet activities, standard head forms were tested against head forms with 2nd Skull® headbands to measure variances in Force Improvement.
Sport: LACROSSE
Drop Velocity (ft/s): 17.94 +- 3%
Severity Index
Impact Location
Impact Location Helmet Only Helmet with 2nd Skull® Improvement
Front 804 649 19%
Side 1016 634 38%
Rear 1102 779 29%
Top 726 639 12%
Linear, projectile and rotational testing conducted at independent third party laboratories adhering to NOCSAE and ASTM standards for new helmets. Helmet testing comparison featured standard unprotected head forms and head forms with 2nd Skull® caps to measure variances in Severity Index, Angular Acceleration and Peak (g) improvement. For non-helmet activities, standard head forms were tested against head forms with 2nd Skull® headbands to measure variances in Force Improvement.
Sport: SKI & SNOWBOARD
Drop Velocity (m/s): 4.8 +-3%
Peak (g) Improvement
Impact Location
Impact Location Helmet Only Helmet with 2nd Skull® Peak (g) Improvement
Front 218 115 47%
Side 292 117 60%
Linear, projectile and rotational testing conducted at independent third party laboratories adhering to NOCSAE and ASTM standards for new helmets. Helmet testing comparison featured standard unprotected head forms and head forms with 2nd Skull® caps to measure variances in Severity Index, Angular Acceleration and Peak (g) improvement. For non-helmet activities, standard head forms were tested against head forms with 2nd Skull® headbands to measure variances in Force Improvement.
Sport: SOFTBALL
Softball Projectile Impact Velocity: 55+-3 MPH
Severity Index
Impact Location
Impact Location Helmet Only Helmet with 2nd Skull® Improvement
Front 86 42 51%
Front Boss 98 61 38%
Side 106 62 41%
Rear Boss 35 14 60%
Rear 30 21 29%
Linear, projectile and rotational testing conducted at independent third party laboratories adhering to NOCSAE and ASTM standards for new helmets. Helmet testing comparison featured standard unprotected head forms and head forms with 2nd Skull® caps to measure variances in Severity Index, Angular Acceleration and Peak (g) improvement. For non-helmet activities, standard head forms were tested against head forms with 2nd Skull® headbands to measure variances in Force Improvement.
Sport: SOCCER, BASKETBALL, VOLLEYBALL, WOMEN’S LACROSSE, ETC.
Drop Velocity: 2.7 m/s +- 3%
Force Improvement
Impact Location
Impact Location Headform Only Headform with 2nd Skull® Force Improvement
Front 495 228 54%
Back 516 208 60%
Linear, projectile and rotational testing conducted at independent third party laboratories adhering to NOCSAE and ASTM standards for new helmets. Helmet testing comparison featured standard unprotected head forms and head forms with 2nd Skull® caps to measure variances in Severity Index, Angular Acceleration and Peak (g) improvement. For non-helmet activities, standard head forms were tested against head forms with 2nd Skull® headbands to measure variances in Force Improvement.